Monitoring of mild cases with minimal vascular changes.Differential diagnosis: See “ Differential diagnosis of leukocoria.”.Ophthalmoscopy: findings include telangiectasias, aneurysms, hard exudates, and retinal detachment.Definition: a vascular disease of the retina characterized by retinal telangiectasia, subretinal exudate, and retinal detachment. Treatment of underlying cause (e.g., anti- VEGF injections, peripheral retinal photocoagulation, surgical intervention).Mild hemorrhage without associated chronic disease.Solitary hemorrhages without visual impairment.Observation and follow up in the following:.Medical history (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus).Clinical features: Symptoms vary according to hemorrhage severity.Dark, red hemorrhagic patches usually seen in the macular region.Hypertensive retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion.However, the deterioration may progress after age 40. Prognosis: Some patients may not have visual deterioration beyond 20/40.Electrooculography ( EOG): pathological.Ophthalmoscopy: typical, yellowish, round yolk-like lesions (from Latin “vitellus” = yolk) in the region of the macula.Chronic progressive visual impairment onset typically between 4–10 years.Definition: juvenile macular dystrophy, autosomal dominant inheritance.Ophthalmoscopy (yellowish flecks in the area of the macula and atrophy of the pigment epithelium)īest disease ( vitelliform macular dystrophy).Chronic progressive loss of visual acuity onset between 10–30 years.Definition: juvenile macular dystrophy, originating from the retinal pigment epithelium, autosomal recessive hereditary pattern.Treatment: No effective treatment is known.Differential diagnosis: Drugs ( phenothiazines, chloroquine) may induce similar symptoms to those of retinitis pigmentosa → pseudoretinitis pigmentosa.P attern of dark spots and star-shaped blotches (deposits with bone spicule appearance) that develop from the periphery to the center of the retina.Defects in the perception of contrast and color.Impaired peripheral vision (tunnel vision).Normal central vision narrowing field of vision ( ring-shaped area of blindness).Hereditary or spontaneous mutations ( > 45 genes are known as triggers e.g., mutations in the rhodopsin gene ).Epidemiology: early onset ( 5–30 years).Definition: progressive hereditary dystrophy of the retina or of the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |